The main cause of bronchiectasis bronchial - pulmonary tissue infections michael j fox and bronchial obstruction. Both influence each other, to promote the development and progression of bronchiectasis. michael j fox Bronchiectasis may also be caused by congenital disorders and genetic factors, but rare. And about 30% of patients with bronchiectasis of unknown etiology, but usually diffuse bronchiectasis occurs in the presence of genetic, immunological or anatomical defects in patients, such as cystic fibrosis, ciliary dyskinesia and severe al-antitrypsin deficiency. Hypogammaglobulinemia and hyperlipidemia and rare immunodeficiency airway diffuse structural abnormalities can cause diseases, such as the trachea michael j fox bronchiectasis (Mounier-Kuhn syndrome), cartilage defects (Williams-Campbell syndrome), and allergic bronchopulmonary rare complications michael j fox of common diseases such as aspergillosis. Focal bronchiectasis can not be derived from the treatment of pneumonia or obstruction, such as foreign body or tumor, extrinsic compression or anatomic lung resection shift. Bronchiectasis predisposing factors are shown in Table 2-4-1.
irregular expansion:
And postural changes related, which is due to bronchiectasis parts store up secretions, changes in position to stimulate michael j fox the secretion of bronchial mucosa causing coughing and expectoration. Its severity, sputum volume estimates are available: mild, <l0ml/d ;中度, 10-150ml/d ;重度,> 15Oml / d. Episodes of acute infection, purulent yellow-green of up to several hundred milliliters per day. Stratification characteristics of sputum collection occurs when infection after standing in a glass bottle: foam upper and lower suspension components purulent middle of cloudy mucus, necrotic tissue underlying sediments. Infections caused by common michael j fox pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus michael j fox pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis.
Chest X-ray plain film examination, cystic bronchiectasis airway showed significant cavity, the cavity may be present in the liquid surface michael j fox (Figure 2-4-1). michael j fox When no liquid michael j fox surface within the cavity, it is difficult and severe bullous emphysema or pulmonary interstitial lung disease cellular identification. Other manifestations of bronchiectasis airway wall thickening, mainly caused by the inflammation of the bronchial around. Since the involvement of the lung parenchyma hypoventilation, collapse, expand airways tend to gather, longitudinal section can be displayed as "double-track sign" cross-section shows "ring shadows." This is due to the full expansion of the airway secretions, more dense translucent imaging lumen area, generating an opaque branch pipe or tubular structure. But this examination to determine whether the bronchiectasis lack of specificity, when light imaging lesion may be normal. michael j fox
Depending on the scope of bronchiectasis and without michael j fox complications. Bronchiectasis confined persons, aggressive treatment can rarely affect the quality of life and life expectancy. Bronchiectasis are easy to damage a wide range of lung function, respiratory failure and even develop to cause death. Hemoptysis can also seriously affect the prognosis. (White Spring School)
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Traumatic pneumothorax traumatic_pneumothorax : sternal fracture sternum_fracture : rib fractures rib_fracture : Fractures General: chest trauma Overview:
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